M31 CGMsum · model-to-observable audit

一条参考模型,如何进入 Figure 3?

How does one reference model enter Figure 3?

从 Milky Way 三维密度、视线积分和 O VIII emissivity,走到每个 XMM pointing 的 absorbed 0.5–2.0 keV surface brightness;再把它和 M31 周围10–30 kpc的观测视线总和放在同一套可审计坐标中。

Follow the Milky-Way density geometry through line-of-sight integration and O VIII emissivity to the absorbed 0.5–2.0 keV prediction for every XMM pointing, then place it beside the observed line-of-sight sum at 10–30 kpc around M31.

01 · measurement before decomposition

先问“测到了什么”,再问“属于谁”

Ask what was measured before assigning it

14个 primary fields 给出的是约0.18 keV phenomenological thermal component 的 absorbed surface brightness。当前 fit 中该分量没有独立的 MW/M31 distance tag。

The 14 primary fields measure the absorbed surface brightness of an approximately 0.18 keV phenomenological thermal component. The fit does not attach an independent MW/M31 distance tag.

14 fields

quality-selected dual-MOS primary sample;不是全部22个 pointings。

Quality-selected dual-MOS primary sample, not all 22 pointings.

0.5–2.0 keV

Figure 3及本站所有一致性检验统一使用absorbed标准比较band。

Figure 3 and all consistency tests on this page use the absorbed standard comparison band.

CGMsum

是数据产品名,不是纯 MW,也不是直接测得的 M31 contribution。

A data-product name: neither pure MW nor a directly measured M31 contribution.

为什么Figure 3改用0.5–2.0 keV?Why does Figure 3 use 0.5–2.0 keV?

不是通用mission-standard band;常见跨样本band是0.5–2.0 keV。这里它是component-sensitive primary observable:完全位于实际拟合的MOS soft interval 0.4–1.4 keV内,避开1.4–2.0 keV禁带。对kT=0.175–0.20 keV、Z=0.1–0.3、NH=(4–8)×1020 cm−2的APEC grid,0.4–1.25保留0.4–2.0 absorbed model flux的98.8–99.5%;扩展上限几乎不增加该冷分量的信号。

It is not a universal mission-standard band; 0.5–2.0 keV is the common cross-sample band. Here it is a component-sensitive primary observable lying wholly inside the fitted MOS soft interval of 0.4–1.4 keV and below the excluded 1.4–2.0 keV interval. Across a kT=0.175–0.20 keV, Z=0.1–0.3, NH=(4–8)×1020 cm−2 APEC grid, 0.4–1.25 retains 98.8–99.5% of the absorbed 0.4–2.0 model flux; raising the upper bound adds almost no signal from this cool component.

外部reference并不共享同一原始observable:Locatelli拟合0.614–0.694 keV O VIII窄带;Zhang使用rest-frame 0.5–2.0 keV;Grayson的emissivity图和比较语境支持intended 0.5–2.0 keV,但profile方法段没有明写event cut。本站先在各自原始band重建,再显式转换到absorbed 0.5–2.0 convention。旧0.4–1.25值仍作为v19 component-sensitive provenance保留,但不再用于Figure 3的一致性比较。

The external references do not share one native observable: Locatelli fits the 0.614–0.694 keV O VIII narrow band; Zhang uses rest-frame 0.5–2.0 keV; and Grayson's emissivity figure and comparison context support an intended 0.5–2.0 keV band, although its profile-method paragraph does not state the event cut explicitly. This site reconstructs each native observable before explicitly converting it to an absorbed 0.5–2.0 convention. The old 0.4–1.25 values remain available as v19 component-sensitive provenance but are no longer used in Figure 3's consistency comparison.

禁止的读法:Forbidden reading: 把 Panel C 的14个点直接叫作“M31 surface-brightness profile”。它们必须标成 observed CGMsum versus M31 projected radius Calling the 14 points an “M31 surface-brightness profile.” They are observed CGMsum versus M31 projected radius.

02 · three different coordinates

三个横坐标,回答三个不同问题

Three horizontal coordinates answer three questions

把它们混在一起会把 MW latitude dependence、M31-centric radius 和不规则 XMM footprint 误当成同一种“径向变化”。

Mixing them would turn MW latitude dependence, M31-centric radius, and an irregular XMM footprint into one misleading “radial trend.”

|b| at l=lM31

MW 纬度切片

MW latitude slice

固定 Galactic longitude,改变南半球 b=−|b|。这是 internal-observer sky slice,不是 MW 三维半径。

Hold Galactic longitude fixed and vary southern b=−|b|. This is an internal-observer sky slice, not a 3D MW radius.

R

M31→Galactic-center 天球轴

M31→Galactic-center sky axis

以 M31 为零点;正值指向 Galactic center,负值背离。R=DM31tanθ。

Zero at M31; positive toward the Galactic center, negative away. R=DM31tanθ.

Rproj,M31

M31 圆形投影半径

M31 circular projected radius

用于放置14个观测 CGMsum points 和外部 M31-mass conditional templates;不携带 MW/M31 decomposition。

Places the 14 observed CGMsum points beside external M31-mass conditional templates; it carries no MW/M31 decomposition.

Milky-Way line of sight and M31 tangent-plane coordinate sketch A conceptual, not-to-scale diagram separating the observer-inside-the-Milky-Way line of sight from the signed M31-to-Galactic-center axis and circular M31 projected radius. Observer inside the Milky Way Galactic center Sun · R₀=8.2 kpc sightline (l,b) l Integrate nₕ²+n_d² from s=0.001 to 350 kpc Tangent plane at M31 M31 +R∥ toward Galactic center −R∥ away Rproj,M31 Field centers project onto R∥; circular distance gives Rproj
概念图,不按比例。左侧的(l,b)属于 MW internal-observer geometry;右侧的 R∥ 和 Rproj 都以 M31 为原点,但一个有方向符号,一个是非负圆形距离。
Conceptual and not to scale. The left-hand (l,b) belongs to the MW internal-observer geometry. On the right, R∥ and Rproj both originate at M31, but one is signed and directional while the other is a non-negative circular distance.
M31中心采用 (l,b)=(121.174329°,−21.573309°),DM31=780 kpc。M31 指向 Galactic center 的 ICRS position angle 为255.377112° east of north。The M31 center is (l,b)=(121.174329°,−21.573309°), with DM31=780 kpc. The ICRS position angle from M31 to the Galactic center is 255.377112° east of north.

03 · model → observable

Figure 3 前面的完整转换链

The complete conversion before Figure 3

橙色 band 不是从论文表格抄来的 broadband prior。它是把一个 O VIII-constrained MW density geometry 投影到14个真实 sightlines,再固定O VIII line normalization、转换到Z=0.3 APEC的absorbed 0.5–2.0 keV broadband flux,并应用每场 HI4PI absorption 得到的。

The orange band is not a broadband prior copied from a table. It projects an O VIII-constrained MW density geometry through 14 real sightlines, holds the O VIII line normalization fixed, converts to the absorbed 0.5–2.0 keV broadband flux of a Z=0.3 APEC model, and applies field-specific HI4PI absorption.

nh, ndspherical halo + exponential diskspherical halo + exponential disk
∫(nh²+nd²)ds逐 sightline emission measureemission measure by sightline
O VIII L.U.Locatelli 0.614–0.694 keV observableLocatelli 0.614–0.694 keV observable
fline,Z=0.3=0.352343固定O VIII line normalizationfixed O VIII line normalization
phabs × APECabsorbed 0.5–2.0 keV surface brightnessabsorbed 0.5–2.0 keV surface brightness

采用 named reference geometry

Adopt the named reference geometry

使用 Locatelli et al. reference Combined β=0.5,而不是旧 combined+SWCX systematics branch。

Use the Locatelli et al. reference Combined β=0.5 model, not the old combined+SWCX systematics branch.

nh(r)=C r−3β   ;   nd(R,z)=n0 exp(−R/Rh) exp(−|z|/zh)
βCn0RhzhkTZ
0.50.0460.032 cm−36.2 kpc1.1 kpc0.15 keV0.1 Z

从太阳位置沿每条视线积分

Integrate each sightline from the Solar position

R²(s)=R0²+(s cos b)²−2R0s cos b cos l  ;  z=s sin b  ;  r=(R²+z²)1/2

取 R0=8.2 kpc,s=0.001–350 kpc。实现积分的是 nh²+nd²;没有使用 (nh+nd)²,因此没有人为加入2nhnd cross term。

Use R0=8.2 kpc and s=0.001–350 kpc. The implementation integrates nh²+nd², not (nh+nd)², so it does not insert a 2nhnd cross term.

先回到原模型实际拟合的 O VIII observable

Return first to the fitted O VIII observable

IO VIII = EM × εLoc / 4π  ; ;  εLoc=1.649×10−16 ph cm³ s−1

14个 reference sightlines 的 intrinsic O VIII intensity 约4.14–4.56 L.U.。这里还没有应用 photoelectric absorption,也还不是 broadband energy flux。

The 14 reference sightlines have intrinsic O VIII intensities of about 4.14–4.56 L.U. This is before photoelectric absorption and is not yet a broadband energy flux.

以约80 eV FWHM Gaussian smoothing匹配原始map能量分辨

Match the map's approximate 80-eV FWHM with Gaussian smoothing

σE = 0.080 keV / [2(2 ln 2)1/2] = 0.03397 keV
fline,Z=0.3LocAPEC,smoothed,Z=0.3=0.352343

Figure 3把Locatelli的published O VIII line normalization固定,再用Z=0.3 target APEC转换到宽带。80 eV smoothing必须在窄带emissivity匹配前应用;跳过它会错误改变line-to-broadband normalization。这里没有使用真实 MOS RMF/ARF,因此不是 detector response-folded spectrum。

Figure 3 holds the published Locatelli O VIII line normalization fixed and converts it to a Z=0.3 target APEC broadband flux. The 80-eV smoothing is applied before matching narrow-band emissivities; omitting it would change the line-to-broadband normalization incorrectly. No real MOS RMF/ARF is used, so this is not a detector-response-folded spectrum.

逐 pointing 应用 HI4PI absorption 和 v19 band

Apply HI4PI absorption and the v19 band by pointing

Sdirect,i = Λabs,i EMi (1 kpc in cm) / [4π × (arcmin² per sr) × 10−15]
Fref,i=fline,Z=0.3 × F[phabs(NH,i) × APEC(kT=0.15,Z=0.3)]0.5–2.0 keV

其中1 sr=(180×60/π)² arcmin²,最后除以10⁻¹⁵得到网页和 Figure 3 的units。采用 Anders & Grevesse abundance、Verner cross-sections。连续 profile 曲线只使用明确标注的固定 NH;只有14个实测 footprint points 使用各自 HI4PI column。

Here 1 sr=(180×60/π)² arcmin², and division by 10⁻¹⁵ gives the units used on this page and in Figure 3. We use Anders & Grevesse abundances and Verner cross-sections. Continuous profile curves use an explicitly labeled fixed NH; only the 14 real footprint points use their individual HI4PI columns.

最后才计算 Figure 3 estimators

Only then compute the Figure 3 estimators

field min–max、North/South inverse-variance means、side-balanced central 和 all-field inverse-variance central 是四个不同 summaries,不能互换。

Field min–max, North/South inverse-variance means, the side-balanced central, and the all-field inverse-variance central are four different summaries and are not interchangeable.

04 · fixed-longitude latitude slice

MW reference 随 |b| 怎样变化?

How does the MW reference vary with |b|?

固定 l=lM31=121.174329°,沿南半球 b=−|b| 改变视线。这里用固定 NH=0.056×1022 cm−2,目的是单独观察 density geometry,不是假装拥有连续 HI4PI map。

Hold l=lM31=121.174329° and vary the southern sightline b=−|b|. The fixed NH=0.056×1022 cm−2 isolates density geometry; it does not pretend to use a continuous HI4PI map.

固定NH的几何曲线Fixed-NH geometry curve

PROFILE A
MW reference surface brightness versus absolute Galactic latitude
Halo、disk 和 total 分开显示。低 |b| 增强不是 M31 radial signal,而是我们从 MW 内部观察 disk+halo geometry 的结果;极区轻微回升同样是 named reference geometry 的性质。
Halo, disk, and total are separated. The low-|b| enhancement is not an M31 radial signal; it follows from viewing the MW disk+halo geometry internally. The mild polar upturn is likewise a property of the named reference geometry.
读取几个具体纬度值Read several latitude checkpoints
|b| (deg)MW absorbed 0.5–2.0 keV
10.00001.930
20.00001.336
21.5000 (nearest M31 grid point)1.284
30.00001.073
45.00000.892
60.00000.823
90.00000.855

单位均为10⁻¹⁵ erg cm⁻² s⁻¹ arcmin⁻²,固定 NH=0.056×10²² cm⁻²。90°附近的轻微回升是该 named geometry 的性质,不是观测。

Units are 10⁻¹⁵ erg cm⁻² s⁻¹ arcmin⁻² at fixed NH=0.056×10²² cm⁻². The mild upturn near 90° is a property of the named geometry, not an observation.

为什么用 |b| 仍要写 b=−|b|?Why specify b=−|b| if the axis is |b|?

density geometry 对 z 使用 |z|,但真实 Galactic absorption 和其他 foreground 并不保证南北对称。本页连续曲线固定在 M31 所在的 southern branch;若以后接入连续 HI4PI map,必须分别计算正负 b,而不能只靠 |b|。

The density geometry uses |z|, but real Galactic absorption and other foregrounds need not be north–south symmetric. The continuous curve stays on M31's southern branch. A future continuous HI4PI version must compute positive and negative b separately.

05 · signed sky-plane axis

沿 M31→Galactic center,MW reference 几乎不变

The MW reference is nearly flat along M31→Galactic center

这条轴不是 MW Galactocentric radius。它只是穿过 M31 的天球切线方向,用来检验在 M31 的10–30 kpc角尺度内,MW geometry 是否会制造明显梯度。

This is not a MW Galactocentric radius. It is the tangent-plane direction through M31 used to test whether MW geometry creates a substantial gradient across M31's 10–30 kpc angular scale.

1.2814M31中心,固定NHAt M31, fixed NH
1.2828+30 kpc toward GC+30 kpc toward GC
0.12%0→30 kpc 变化0→30 kpc change
255.377112°ICRS position angleICRS position angle

signed axis:geometry 与实际 absorptionSigned axis: geometry versus actual absorption

PROFILE B
MW reference along the signed M31 to Galactic-center sky axis
连续线是固定NH的几何曲线;14个 field markers 使用各自坐标,并将实际 HI4PI absorbed prediction 与 fixed-NH geometry-only prediction 分开。正值指向 Galactic center。
The continuous line is the fixed-NH geometry curve. The 14 field markers separate actual HI4PI-absorbed predictions from fixed-NH geometry-only predictions. Positive values point toward the Galactic center.
结论不是“MW foreground 完全均匀”,而是:在这个 named reference geometry 中,M31附近±几度的连续 density gradient 很弱。实际 pointing 间变化仍会受到 l、b 和 NH 的共同影响。The conclusion is not “the MW foreground is perfectly uniform.” It is that the continuous density gradient is weak across a few degrees around M31 in this named reference geometry. Actual pointings still vary jointly with l, b, and NH.

06 · data versus conditional templates

10–30 kpc:观测 CGMsum 与 M31 条件模板

10–30 kpc: observed CGMsum and conditional M31 templates

横坐标现在改为 circular M31 projected radius。点是数据;曲线和横带是外部假设。它们可以比较,但不能在图例中混成同一种 measurement。

The horizontal coordinate is now circular M31 projected radius. Points are data; curves and horizontal bands are external assumptions. They can be compared, but not merged into one kind of measurement.

Observed line-of-sight sum / 观测视线总和Observed line-of-sight sum and conditional templates

PROFILE C
Observed CGMsum versus M31 projected radius with conditional M31 templates
14个 points 使用 local-covariance y errors,并按 North/NW 与 South/SE 区分;horizontal bars 表示 nominal 15′ aperture 的±3.403 kpc径向范围,不是统计误差或 exact camera-mask-weighted radius。Zhang 是归一化到20 kpc的 M31-mass population stack 条件模板;Grayson values 只表示10–30 kpc bin averages,因此画成横带而不是 radial curves。
The 14 points use local-covariance y errors and distinguish North/NW from South/SE. Horizontal bars show the nominal ±3.403 kpc radial reach of a 15′ aperture, not a statistical error or an exact camera-mask-weighted radius. Zhang is an M31-mass population-stack conditional template normalized at 20 kpc. Grayson values are 10–30 kpc bin averages and therefore appear as horizontal bands, not radial curves.
如果做减法:If a subtraction is shown: SCGMsum−SMW,Locatelli 只能叫 模型张力残差 / model-tension residual。负值表示 model+conversion 与 measured total 不相容,绝不是负的物理 M31 emission。SCGMsum−SMW,Locatelli is only a model-tension residual. A negative value signals incompatibility between model+conversion and the measured total, never negative physical M31 emission.
Zhang profile 的数值是什么?What are the Zhang-profile values?

采用 rc=7.39 kpc、β=0.37,并令 absorbed 0.5–2.0 keV S(20 kpc)=0.8285。条件曲线在10/15/20/25/30 kpc约为1.600/1.114/0.828/0.648/0.527。它是 population template,不是本项目从14个 XMM spectra 单独恢复的 M31 profile。

Use rc=7.39 kpc and β=0.37 with absorbed 0.5–2.0 keV S(20 kpc)=0.8285. The conditional curve is approximately 1.600/1.114/0.828/0.648/0.527 at 10/15/20/25/30 kpc. It is a population template, not an M31 profile recovered independently from the 14 XMM spectra.

07 · MW-prior consistency test

Figure 3检验什么:MW先验是否已超过视线总和?

What Figure 3 tests: does the MW prior already exceed the line-of-sight sum?

Figure 3 的横轴不是天空位置,而是假定的 MW contribution;纵轴是假定的 M31 contribution。数据本身只给出 x+y=total 的斜带。橙色竖向信息来自前面的14场模型投影。

Figure 3's horizontal axis is not a sky coordinate but an assumed MW contribution; the vertical axis is an assumed M31 contribution. The data provide only diagonal x+y=total bands. The orange vertical information comes from the preceding 14-field model projection.

  1. Step 1先只看非负 x=SMW、y=SM31 和 x+y=Sobs;这是named-prior consistency test,不是空间坐标,也不是自动分解。Start with non-negative x=SMW, y=SM31, and x+y=Sobs. This is a named-prior consistency test, not a spatial coordinate or an automatic decomposition.
  2. Step 2蓝、红和黑色斜约束分别加入 North/NW、South/SE 和 all-field observed totals。Add the blue, red, and black diagonal constraints for North/NW, South/SE, and the all-field observed total.
  3. Step 3水平线与error bars加入 Zhang/Grayson 的 M31 conditional templates;它们不是本项目直接测得的 M31 emission。Horizontal lines and error bars add the Zhang/Grayson conditional M31 templates; they are not direct M31 measurements from this project.
  4. Step 4橙色hatched band加入14场Locatelli footprint min–max;1.255是side-balanced estimator,1.290是all-field inverse-variance estimator,二者不可互换。Add the hatched orange 14-field Locatelli footprint min–max. The 1.255 side-balanced and 1.290 all-field inverse-variance estimators are not interchangeable.
  5. Step 5Locatelli all-field MW prediction比observed total高0.326,因此没有非负central M31 residual。这是named model+conversion与总量的张力,不是“负的M31辐射”。The all-field Locatelli MW prediction exceeds the observed total by 0.326, leaving no non-negative central M31 residual. This diagnoses tension in the named model+conversion, never negative physical M31 emission.

新版 draft Figure 3:一致性检验Revised draft Figure 3: consistency test

DRAFT FIG. 3
Draft Figure 3 MW-M31 consistency test
所有量均为absorbed 0.5–2.0 keV。filled diagonal bands是测量约束,hatched orange band是14场footprint spread,dotted vertical boundaries是参数敏感性,square error bars是simulation bootstrap intervals;这些语义不再使用同一种阴影。
All quantities are absorbed 0.5–2.0 keV. Filled diagonal bands are measurement constraints, the hatched orange band is the 14-field footprint spread, dotted vertical boundaries show parameter sensitivity, and square error bars are simulation bootstrap intervals; these semantics no longer share one shading style.

一致性检验:正象限 log–log 诊断Consistency test: positive-quadrant log–log diagnostic

LOG–LOG
Positive-quadrant log-log MW-M31 consistency test
这不是对原图的替代,而是扩大动态范围的补充诊断。log轴不能显示0或负值,因此只画非负物理解;SIMBA-NoAGN现在进入视野。Locatelli reference 并未被静默删除:底边三角明确表示它与 all-field total 没有非负 M31 交点。
This supplements rather than replaces the linear panel by expanding its dynamic range. Log axes cannot display zero or negative values, so only physically non-negative solutions are drawn; SIMBA-NoAGN is now visible. The Locatelli reference is not silently omitted: the bottom-edge triangle marks that it has no non-negative M31 intersection with the all-field total.
1.158–1.34114-field min–max;不是interval14-field min–max; not an interval
1.296 / 1.213North / South model estimatorsNorth / South model estimators
1.255side-balanced central,图中竖线Side-balanced central, vertical line
1.290all-field inverse-variance,Table 5All-field inverse-variance, Table 5

14 fields:geometry、absorption 与 closureFourteen fields: geometry, absorption, and closure

BRIDGE D
Field-by-field decomposition of the Figure 3 MW reference prediction
fixed-NH geometry-only、逐场HI4PI的Z=0.1 direct-EM自检和Z=0.3 line-normalized values分开显示。这个图解释橙色footprint band的宽度来自哪里。
Fixed-NH geometry-only, field-specific HI4PI Z=0.1 direct-EM checks, and Z=0.3 line-normalized values are separated. This figure shows where the width of the orange footprint band comes from.

逐场数值

Field-level values

表中 observed 一列始终是 CGMsum。MW reference 列是 named model projection;二者没有被当成同一种数据。

The observed column remains CGMsum. The MW-reference columns are named model projections; they are not treated as the same kind of data.

面亮度:10−15 erg cm−2 s−1 arcmin−2;NH:1022 cm−2Surface brightness: 10−15 erg cm−2 s−1 arcmin−2; NH: 1022 cm−2.
OBSID分区SideRproj (kpc)R (kpc)NH观测 CGMsumObserved CGMsumMW固定NHMW fixed-NHMW实际HI4PIMW actual HI4PI
800731501North/NW10.52+8.840.05850.953 ± 0.1261.2961.272
800731901South/SE11.17-8.610.06480.820 ± 0.6051.2641.185
800731601North/NW13.07+12.690.06300.824 ± 0.0941.2891.225
800732001South/SE13.21-12.840.06920.869 ± 0.2441.2751.158
800731101North/NW13.45+5.850.05670.887 ± 0.6321.3121.305
800732301South/SE16.73-3.200.05290.745 ± 0.5611.2431.271
800730801North/NW18.92+10.710.05600.794 ± 0.4351.3211.322
800730901North/NW19.01+14.260.05590.931 ± 0.1211.3131.314
800730701North/NW19.54+6.640.05730.816 ± 0.1751.3291.317
800730501North/NW23.40+11.390.05531.154 ± 0.1411.3341.341
800730601North/NW25.03+7.190.05791.381 ± 0.1871.3441.325
800732801South/SE26.10-9.070.04810.725 ± 0.3191.2251.298
800730301North/NW28.69+16.680.05760.975 ± 0.1231.3431.327
800730201North/NW28.79+11.820.05781.109 ± 0.1371.3511.333
为什么1.255和1.290同时出现?Why do 1.255 and 1.290 both appear?

1.255先分别计算North与South的inverse-variance mean,再给两个sides等权;它用于Figure 3的side-balanced visual center。1.290直接对全部14场使用观测inverse-variance weights;它与all-field measured total 0.965配对,用于Table 5 conditional complement。它们是不同estimator。

1.255 first computes inverse-variance means within North and South, then weights the two sides equally; it is the side-balanced visual center. 1.290 applies observational inverse-variance weights to all 14 fields and pairs with the all-field total 0.965 in Table 5. They are different estimators.

0.934–1.575 是 credible interval 吗?Is 0.934–1.575 a credible interval?

不是。它只用published marginal parameter errors做diagonal first-order propagation;Locatelli posterior covariance不可用。因此它只能叫parameter-sensitivity boundaries,不能叫posterior、confidence或credible interval。

No. It uses published marginal parameter errors in a diagonal first-order propagation without the Locatelli posterior covariance. They are parameter-sensitivity boundaries, not a posterior, confidence, or credible interval.

08 · what this page does not claim

解释边界

Interpretation boundaries

  • 连续曲线是固定NH的几何曲线,不是 continuous HI4PI prediction。
  • Locatelli MW emission 使用完整 foreground screen;真实 distributed absorber 会让更多 MW photons 透过,因此当前处理不是降低张力的捷径。
  • 14-field min–max 是 footprint spread,不是 model uncertainty。
  • MW projection 在每个 pointing center 计算,没有对15′ detector/camera-mask footprint 做二维角平均。
  • Zhang/Grayson 是条件模板,不是对 M31 contribution 的直接测量。
  • 当前 statistical errors 是 local covariance;尚无完整 NH/SWCX/CXB/SP/abundance/band systematic budget。
  • 最终 component constraints 需要 shared radial-plus-side likelihood 和 boundary-aware intervals。
  • The continuous curve is a fixed-NH geometry curve, not a continuous HI4PI prediction.
  • The Locatelli MW emission uses a full foreground screen. A distributed absorber would transmit more MW photons, so it is not a shortcut that removes the tension.
  • The 14-field min–max is footprint spread, not model uncertainty.
  • The MW projection is evaluated at each pointing center; it is not a two-dimensional angular average over the 15′ detector/camera-mask footprint.
  • Zhang/Grayson are conditional templates, not direct measurements of the M31 contribution.
  • Current statistical errors are local covariance errors; a complete NH/SWCX/CXB/SP/abundance/band systematic budget is not yet available.
  • Final component constraints require a shared radial-plus-side likelihood and boundary-aware intervals.

09 · reproduce every step

数据、图、代码与 provenance

Data, figures, code, and provenance

所有页面资产进入 SHA-256 manifest。CSV 保存连续 profiles 和逐场 conversion;JSON 保存参数、单位、estimator 和 build metadata。

Every page asset enters a SHA-256 manifest. CSV files preserve continuous profiles and field-level conversions; JSON preserves parameters, units, estimators, and build metadata.

data/conditional_m31_templates.csv13.8 KBdata/explorer_summary.json6.7 KBdata/m31_field_profile_decomposition.csv21.5 KBdata/mw_latitude_profile.csv52.2 KBdata/mw_m31_gc_signed_axis_profile.csv72.2 KBfigures/cgmsum_m31_radius_profile_1col.pdf30.7 KBfigures/cgmsum_m31_radius_profile_1col.png101.9 KBfigures/cgmsum_m31_radius_profile_2col.pdf30.8 KBfigures/cgmsum_m31_radius_profile_2col.png175.1 KBfigures/draft_figure3_consistency_test.png368.4 KBfigures/draft_figure3_consistency_test_loglog_1col.pdf67.5 KBfigures/draft_figure3_consistency_test_loglog_1col.png224.9 KBfigures/draft_figure3_consistency_test_loglog_2col.pdf68.5 KBfigures/draft_figure3_consistency_test_loglog_2col.png311.9 KBfigures/figure3_field_conversion_1col.pdf34.7 KBfigures/figure3_field_conversion_1col.png111.4 KBfigures/figure3_field_conversion_2col.pdf35.8 KBfigures/figure3_field_conversion_2col.png182.2 KBfigures/mw_latitude_profile_1col.pdf35.2 KBfigures/mw_latitude_profile_1col.png123.3 KBfigures/mw_latitude_profile_2col.pdf37.2 KBfigures/mw_latitude_profile_2col.png268.1 KBfigures/mw_signed_axis_profile_1col.pdf28.5 KBfigures/mw_signed_axis_profile_1col.png120.5 KBfigures/mw_signed_axis_profile_2col.pdf29.9 KBfigures/mw_signed_axis_profile_2col.png222.1 KBsource/README.md4.0 KBsource/SITE_SPEC.md5.4 KBsource/audit_apj_v19_cgmsum_bandpass.py4.4 KBsource/audit_apj_v19_cgmsum_conditional_priors.py26.8 KBsource/build_explorer_site.py23.4 KBsource/generate_explorer_products.py37.0 KBsource/m31_cgmsum_apec_bandpass_audit.json2.1 KBsource/m31_cgmsum_apec_bandpass_matrix.csv11.8 KBsource/m31_cgmsum_conditional_prior_audit.json10.2 KBsource/m31_cgmsum_conditional_prior_ledger.csv8.4 KBsource/m31_cgmsum_locatelli2024_reference_beta0p5_m31_footprint_predictions.csv4.3 KBsource/m31_cgmsum_v19_primary_measurements_public.csv11.9 KBsource/make_apj_v19_cgmsum_conditional_figures.py34.8 KBsource/pytest.ini166 Bsource/test_build_explorer_site.py10.1 KBsource/test_generate_explorer_products.py11.8 KBsource/test_verify_production.py4.6 KBsource/verify_production.py5.3 KB

report_manifest.json

Build:2026-07-12 18:39 UTC。Canonical URL:m31cgm-mw-m31-profile-explorer.pages.devBuild: 2026-07-12 18:39 UTC. Canonical URL: m31cgm-mw-m31-profile-explorer.pages.dev.